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Formalisation of Scientific Knowledge

Formalisation of Scientific Knowledge

Speaker
Abstract

AI systems have super-human ability in making flawless logical conclusions from available data and knowledge. To unleash this power, data and knowledge have to be modelled and encoded in a machine-processable form. In this lecture, we will talk about technologies for knowledge representation, have a look at knowledge representation languages, and discuss examples. We will talk about ontology engineering, it’s fascinating history and contemporary applications. You will learn basics principles for designing and using ontologies.  We will analyse examples of knowledge modelling, its pitfalls and difficulties. We then will inspect several ontologies for the representation of key scientific processes and its components: hypotheses, experimental protocols, scientific investigations. In particular, we will focus on ontologies for representing and encoding data mining and machine learning studies. We will discuss the role of data and knowledge models for the Open Science framework. Finally, we will have a close look at the case study: formalisation of knowledge for a robot scientist – an AI system for automated scientific discovery. You will learn how knowledge models and ontologies support robot scientists.

Outline:
  1. Introduction to ontological engineering.
    • History of ontology engineering and its applications.
    • Overview of languages for knowledge modelling.
    • Basic principles and good practices in ontology engineering.
  2. Ontologies for science. 
    • Representing the scientific process, hypotheses, experimental protocols, uncertainty: EXPO (ontology of scientific experiments), OBI (the ontology of biomedical investigations), HELO (hypothesis ontology), EXACT (experimental protocols ontology).
    • Knowledge representation for data mining: DMO (data mining ontology), OntoDM (ontology of data mining), ML schema.
    • Open ML, Open Science.
  3. Case study: ontologies for a robot scientist. 
    • The concept of a robot scientist – an AI system for automated scientific discovery.
    • Ontologies for robot scientists: AdaLab ontologies, Genesis ontology.
    • Ontology-based design of databases for robot scientists.
Schedule